El verbo «TO HAVE» en inglés

– ¿Cómo usar el verbo to have en ingles? explicación simple con ejemplos (interrogativo, negativo y afirmativo) –

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Have puede ser un verbo principal o auxiliar que se utiliza para indicar el tiempo o la aparición de otro verbo.

HAVE COMO VERBO PRINCIPAL

To have se usa como el verbo principal para indicar posesión, una característica, relación… Se puede traducir como tener o poseer.

I have 20€ in my pocket. → Tengo 20 € en mi bolsillo.
She has a lot of free time these days. → Ella tiene mucho tiempo libre en estos días.

1. PRESENTE SIMPLE

Pronombres	Frase afirmativa	Frase negativa	Preguntas (agregar Do o Does)
I, we, you, they	I have a new car.	I don’t have a new car.	Do I have a new car?
he, she, it	She has a new car.	She doesn’t have a new car.	Does she have a new car?

La forma contratada

I have → I’ve
You have →You’ve
He / She / It has → He’s / She’s / It’s
We have → We’ve
You have → You’ve
They have → They’ve

La contracción negativa: has not = hasn’t have not = haven’t

NO OLVIDAR: ¿have got O have?

Ambos significan lo mismo, no hay diferencia. Have got se usa más en inglés británico para indicar la posesión de objetos, características o relaciones (para información, ‘got‘ es el verbo ‘get‘ en el presente perfecto):

I have got an Iphone. = Tengo un Iphone
I’ve got a headache. = Me duele la cabeza
Kevin has got three cousins. = Kevin tiene tres primos.
She’s got long hair. = Ella tiene el pelo largo.
He has got some friends in Berlin. = Él tiene algunos amigos en Berlín.

Al final, para preguntas y oraciones negativas, hay tres formas posibles:

Have you got any money? → I haven’t got any money.
Do you have any money? → I don’t have any money.
Have you any money? (poco usado) → I haven’t any money. (poco usado)
Has she got a pen? → She hasn’t got a pen.
Does she have a pen? → She doesn’t have a pen.
Has she a pen? (poco usado) → She hasn’t a pen. (poco usado)

2. AL PRETÉRITO (= SIMPLE PASADO)

Pronombres	Frase afirmativa	Frase negativa	Preguntas (agregar Did)
I, he, she, it, we, you, they	I had a new car.	I did not have a new car.	Did I have a new car?

La forma contratada

Have tiene la misma forma para todas las personas: had (sin got). El formulario contratado solo se usa para have auxiliar: no se puede decir I’d a new car sino I had a new car.

I had → I’d
You had → You’d
He / She / It had → He’d / She’d / It’d
We had → We’d
You had → You’d
They had → They’d

La contracción negativa: had not = hadn’t

Formas interrogativas y negativas: utilizamos did y didn’t

En el pretérito, have se conjuga como los verbos ordinarios, con el auxiliar did.

What did you have for lunch today? → ¿Qué conseguiste para almorzar hoy?
I didn’t have time to watch TV yesterday. → No tuve tiempo de mirar televisión ayer.
Did you have a car when you were living in Barcelone? → ¿Tenías un auto cuando vivías en Barcelona?

¡Tenga cuidado de no usar got en el pasado!

Tina had long hair when she was a child. (y no Tina had got)

Have como auxiliar

Have se usa como un verbo auxiliar en los tiempos ‘perfectos’: tendrá que ser conjugado de acuerdo con el tiempo que queremos usar. Aquí hay un resumen rápido de los tiempos que usan Have como verbo auxiliar:

Present Perfect: I have seen this film twice. (Vi esta película dos veces).
Present Perfect Continuous: They have been waiting for over an hour. (Esperaron más de una hora).
Past Perfect: The meeting had already started by the time I arrived. (La reunión ya había comenzado cuando llegué).
Past Perfect Continuous: They had been talking for over an hour before Kevin arrived. (Hablaron durante más de una hora antes de que Kevin llegara.)
Future Perfect: She will have finished before nine o’clock. (Estará terminado antes de las nueve en punto.)
Future Perfect Continuous: Next year I will have been working here for two years. (El año que viene habré trabajado aquí durante dos años).

Como auxiliar, Have se coloca antes del sujeto en forma interrogativa.

Have you ever used a smartphone? → ¿Alguna vez has usado un smartphone?

En la forma negativa, es seguido por not. Hay una forma contraída.

Has not → hasn’t
have not → haven’t

Ejemplo: Have you seen him? (¿Lo has visto?) → No, I haven’t seen him. (No, no lo he visto.)

Los usos de have

Los diferentes usos de HAVE:

Have se puede traducir como ‘tomar’ o ‘hacer’, o por otros verbos dependiendo del significado (¡tenga cuidado de no usar have got en los siguientes casos!).

have breakfast / lunch / a pizza / a drink / a cup of coffee: tomar desayuno / almuerzo / pizza / bebida / café
have dinner: cenar
have a bath / a shower: tomar un baño / ducha
have a walk: dar un paseo
have a good time: divertirse
have a dream: soñar
have a holiday: tomar vacaciones
have a rest: descansar
have a break: tomar un descanso
have a party: festejar
have a look: echar un vistazo
have a nice day: pasar un buen día
have a try: intentar algo dificil
have a chat, a conversation, a discussion: discutir
have a fight, an argument: disputarse

Algunos ejemplos:

Samantha is having a bath at the moment.
We’re going to have a party next Saturday .
She usually has breakfast at eight o’clock.

El verbo modal ‘have to’

Have to expresa la obligación, o que algo es necesario:

I have to get up early tomorrow.
Do we have to leave now?
You have to go and see her.
I have to wash my car today.
He has to write a report.
I had to go to the bank yesterday.

Utilizado en forma negativa, have to significa que algo no es necesario u obligatorio:

We don’t have to work tomorrow.
He doesn’t have to work in the evening.
I didn’t have to make my bed when I was living with my parents.

Combinar have y had

Have had es el presente perfecto del verbo ‘to have’.

I have had a lot of homework this week.
Have you had your breakfast?
I haven’t had any rest since morning.

Tags: Gramática ingles

El verbo «TO HAVE» en inglés: ¿Cómo se usa? (PDF)