El verbo «TO HAVE» en inglés
– ¿Cómo usar el verbo to have en ingles? explicación simple con ejemplos (interrogativo, negativo y afirmativo) –
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Have puede ser un verbo principal o auxiliar que se utiliza para indicar el tiempo o la aparición de otro verbo.
HAVE COMO VERBO PRINCIPAL
To have se usa como el verbo principal para indicar posesión, una característica, relación… Se puede traducir como tener o poseer.
- I have 20€ in my pocket. → Tengo 20 € en mi bolsillo.
- She has a lot of free time these days. → Ella tiene mucho tiempo libre en estos días.
1. PRESENTE SIMPLE
Pronombres | Frase afirmativa | Frase negativa | Preguntas (agregar Do o Does) |
---|---|---|---|
I, we, you, they | I have a new car. | I don’t have a new car. | Do I have a new car? |
he, she, it | She has a new car. | She doesn’t have a new car. | Does she have a new car? |
La forma contratada
- I have → I’ve
- You have →You’ve
- He / She / It has → He’s / She’s / It’s
- We have → We’ve
- You have → You’ve
- They have → They’ve
La contracción negativa: has not = hasn’t have not = haven’t
NO OLVIDAR: ¿have got O have?
Ambos significan lo mismo, no hay diferencia. Have got se usa más en inglés británico para indicar la posesión de objetos, características o relaciones (para información, ‘got‘ es el verbo ‘get‘ en el presente perfecto):
- I have got an Iphone. = Tengo un Iphone
- I’ve got a headache. = Me duele la cabeza
- Kevin has got three cousins. = Kevin tiene tres primos.
- She’s got long hair. = Ella tiene el pelo largo.
- He has got some friends in Berlin. = Él tiene algunos amigos en Berlín.
Al final, para preguntas y oraciones negativas, hay tres formas posibles:
- Have you got any money? → I haven’t got any money.
- Do you have any money? → I don’t have any money.
- Have you any money? (poco usado) → I haven’t any money. (poco usado)
- Has she got a pen? → She hasn’t got a pen.
- Does she have a pen? → She doesn’t have a pen.
- Has she a pen? (poco usado) → She hasn’t a pen. (poco usado)
2. AL PRETÉRITO (= SIMPLE PASADO)
Pronombres | Frase afirmativa | Frase negativa | Preguntas (agregar Did) |
---|---|---|---|
I, he, she, it, we, you, they | I had a new car. | I did not have a new car. | Did I have a new car? |
La forma contratada
Have tiene la misma forma para todas las personas: had (sin got). El formulario contratado solo se usa para have auxiliar: no se puede decir I’d a new car sino I had a new car.
- I had → I’d
- You had → You’d
- He / She / It had → He’d / She’d / It’d
- We had → We’d
- You had → You’d
- They had → They’d
La contracción negativa: had not = hadn’t
Formas interrogativas y negativas: utilizamos did y didn’t
En el pretérito, have se conjuga como los verbos ordinarios, con el auxiliar did.
- What did you have for lunch today? → ¿Qué conseguiste para almorzar hoy?
- I didn’t have time to watch TV yesterday. → No tuve tiempo de mirar televisión ayer.
- Did you have a car when you were living in Barcelone? → ¿Tenías un auto cuando vivías en Barcelona?
¡Tenga cuidado de no usar got en el pasado!
- Tina had long hair when she was a child. (y no Tina had got)
Have como auxiliar
Have se usa como un verbo auxiliar en los tiempos ‘perfectos’: tendrá que ser conjugado de acuerdo con el tiempo que queremos usar. Aquí hay un resumen rápido de los tiempos que usan Have como verbo auxiliar:
- Present Perfect: I have seen this film twice. (Vi esta película dos veces).
- Present Perfect Continuous: They have been waiting for over an hour. (Esperaron más de una hora).
- Past Perfect: The meeting had already started by the time I arrived. (La reunión ya había comenzado cuando llegué).
- Past Perfect Continuous: They had been talking for over an hour before Kevin arrived. (Hablaron durante más de una hora antes de que Kevin llegara.)
- Future Perfect: She will have finished before nine o’clock. (Estará terminado antes de las nueve en punto.)
- Future Perfect Continuous: Next year I will have been working here for two years. (El año que viene habré trabajado aquí durante dos años).
Como auxiliar, Have se coloca antes del sujeto en forma interrogativa.
- Have you ever used a smartphone? → ¿Alguna vez has usado un smartphone?
En la forma negativa, es seguido por not. Hay una forma contraída.
- Has not → hasn’t
- have not → haven’t
Ejemplo: Have you seen him? (¿Lo has visto?) → No, I haven’t seen him. (No, no lo he visto.)
Los usos de have
Los diferentes usos de HAVE:
Have se puede traducir como ‘tomar’ o ‘hacer’, o por otros verbos dependiendo del significado (¡tenga cuidado de no usar have got en los siguientes casos!).
- have breakfast / lunch / a pizza / a drink / a cup of coffee: tomar desayuno / almuerzo / pizza / bebida / café
- have dinner: cenar
- have a bath / a shower: tomar un baño / ducha
- have a walk: dar un paseo
- have a good time: divertirse
- have a dream: soñar
- have a holiday: tomar vacaciones
- have a rest: descansar
- have a break: tomar un descanso
- have a party: festejar
- have a look: echar un vistazo
- have a nice day: pasar un buen día
- have a try: intentar algo dificil
- have a chat, a conversation, a discussion: discutir
- have a fight, an argument: disputarse
Algunos ejemplos:
- Samantha is having a bath at the moment.
- We’re going to have a party next Saturday .
- She usually has breakfast at eight o’clock.
El verbo modal ‘have to’
Have to expresa la obligación, o que algo es necesario:
- I have to get up early tomorrow.
- Do we have to leave now?
- You have to go and see her.
- I have to wash my car today.
- He has to write a report.
- I had to go to the bank yesterday.
Utilizado en forma negativa, have to significa que algo no es necesario u obligatorio:
- We don’t have to work tomorrow.
- He doesn’t have to work in the evening.
- I didn’t have to make my bed when I was living with my parents.
Combinar have y had
Have had es el presente perfecto del verbo ‘to have’.
- I have had a lot of homework this week.
- Have you had your breakfast?
- I haven’t had any rest since morning.
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